This paper proposes a novel method, the so-called direct light field rendering, which can compose the display 3D panel image without reconstructing all the multiview images beforehand. However, there is a corresponding increase in the complexity of the conventional multiview rendering process in the attempt to achieve a sufficient level of reality, which may hinder the further commercial viability of 3D display products based on such a conventional approach. Rapid developments in 3D display technologies have enabled consumers to enjoy 3D environments in an increasingly immersive manner through various display systems such as stereoscopic, multiview, and light field displays. Overall, there is a clear need for more empirical evidence that quantifies the added value of stereoscopic displays in medical domains. Training and surgical planning already use computer simulations more research however is needed to assess the potential benefits of stereoscopic displays in those applications. For MIS, stereoscopic displays decrease surgery time and increase accuracy of surgical procedures when the resolution of the stereoscopic displays is comparable to that of 2D displays. For MRI and CT data, where images are frequently rendered in 3D perspective, the added value of binocular depth has not yet been convincingly demonstrated. For diagnosis, stereoscopic viewing of medical data has been shown to improve the sensitivity of tumor detection in breast imaging, and to improve the visualization of internal structures in 3D ultrasound. The domains covered in this review are: diagnosis, pre-operative planning, minimally invasive surgery (MIS) and training/teaching. In this paper we review empirical studies concerning the effectiveness of stereoscopic displays in medicine. That is, social cues in actual reality appear to dominate and supersede those in VR. While participants were quite sensitive to social stimuli presented in VR, as evidenced by contagious yawning, our results suggest a major difference in the influence of social factors within real-world and virtual environments. More generally, these findings also have important applications for the use of VR in psychological research. These experiments provide further evidence that social presence is a powerful deterrent of yawning in humans, which warrants further investigation. Unlike previous research, however, manipulating the social presence in VR (i.e., embedding recording devices and humanoid avatars within the simulation) did not affect contagious yawning. We show that, similar to a traditional laboratory setting, having a researcher present during testing significantly inhibited contagious yawning in VR, even though participants were viewing a virtual environment and unable to see the researcher. Stemming from earlier laboratory research, we conducted five experiments to investigate the effects of social presence on contagious yawning in virtual reality (VR). These data suggest that 3D stereoscopic visualization shortens the operative time of laparoscopic gastrectomy by reducing the intracorporeal dissection time.Ĭontagious yawning occurs in humans and a few other highly social animals following the detection of yawns in others, yet the factors influencing the propagation of this response remain largely unknown. However, operators preferred intracorporeal knot-tying as a ligature for anastomosis under 3D (LTG, P = 0.012 LDG, P < 0.01). 213 min, P < 0.01), although the time needed for anastomosis was similar between the groups. During intracorporeal procedures, dissection time was significantly shorter in the 3D groups for both LTG (183 vs. Operative time was significantly shorter in the 3D groups for both LTG (351 vs. Ninety-four consecutive cases of gastric cancer patients who underwent laparoscopic total gastrectomy (LTG) (25 cases) or laparoscopic distal gastrectomy (LDG) (69 cases) were enrolled in this study before and after the introduction of the 3D system. The primary outcome of this study was operative time. This study investigated the advantages of three-dimensional (3D) stereoscopic visualization for laparoscopic gastrectomy over a conventional two-dimensional (2D) planar screen. Laparoscopic gastrectomy for gastric cancer is now widely accepted and has become a standard surgery.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |